A material science researcher starts its work by synthesizing a material-either in powder form or liquid form. Thin film researchers will produce thin film of the material. Next step is to study the structural studies by using any diffraction method. He can use neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction or ion beam scattering. In crystallography all these characterisation tools are important. Nowadays fine and accurate structure refinement possible by means of novel software in market. powder diffractometers are in market under brand names of Rigaku, Philips, EG&G, HP and Fritsch.
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